湖北自考网旗下:湖北研究生考网提供湖北研究生招生信息,包括湖北考研招生简章,专业目录,考研大纲,考研分数线等及湖北考研培训辅导班

湖北自考网

研究生考试
考研首页 考研院校 考研大纲 招生简章 准考证打印
专题:
湖北研究生考试备考流程 湖北研究生考试报名时间 湖北研究生考试考试时间 考研复试准备 湖北考研录取通知书领取 湖北研究生考试历年分数线
武汉大学研究生院 华中科技大学研究生院 中国地质大学(武汉)研究生院 武汉理工大学研究生院 华中师范大学研究生院 华中农业大学研究生院 中南财经政法大学研究生院 武汉纺织大学研究生院 湖北大学研究生院 中南民族大学研究生院 中科院水生生物研究所研究生院 宜昌测试技术研究所研究生院 武汉科技大学研究生院 长江大学研究生院 武汉工程大学研究生院 武汉轻工大学研究生院 湖北工业大学研究生院 湖北中医药大学研究生院 湖北师范大学研究生院 湖北民族学院研究生院 武汉体育学院研究生院 湖北美术学院研究生院 武汉音乐学院研究生院 三峡大学研究生院 中科院武汉岩土力学研究所研究生院 中科院武汉物理与数学研究所研究生院 中科院测量与地球物理研究所研究生院 中科院武汉植物园研究生院 中科院武汉病毒研究所研究生院 长江科学院研究生院 中钢集团武汉安全环保研究院研究生院 武汉材料保护研究所研究生院 中国航空研究院610所研究生院 航天化学动力技术研究院42所研究生院 武汉邮电科学研究院研究生院 武汉生物制品研究所研究生院 中国地震局地震研究所研究生院 武汉数字工程研究所研究生院 中国舰船研究设计中心(701所)研究生院 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所研究生院 华中光电技术研究所研究生院 武汉船舶通信研究所研究生院 武汉第二船舶设计研究所研究生院 湖北省社会科学院研究生院 湖北省化学研究院研究生院 中共湖北省委党校研究生院 中国人民解放军国防信息学院研究生院 军事经济学院研究生院 海军工程大学研究生院 空军雷达学院研究生院 第二炮兵指挥学院研究生院 中国水科院长江水产研究所研究生院 江汉大学研究生院 黄冈师范学院研究生院 湖北科技学院研究生院 湖北经济学院研究生院 湖北汽车工业学院研究生院
湖北研究生网 > 考研辅导 > 英语 > 2015年湖北考研英语模拟试题:阅读理解(十) 湖北考研英语辅导_考研英语辅导资料_湖北研究生考试网网站地图
考研培训

2015年湖北考研英语模拟试题:阅读理解(十)

来源:湖北自考网 时间:2014-07-05


湖北2015年考研英语模拟试题:阅读理解(十)


  Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.

  The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.

  Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.

  Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to pide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.

  Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.

  1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text?

  [A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.

  [B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.

  [C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century.

  [D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.

  2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to

  [A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and England.

  [B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.

  [C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land.

  [D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States.

  3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition?

  [A] It is totally implausible.

  [B] It is partially acceptable.

  [C] It is highly admirable.

  [D] It is controversial though persuasive.

  4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?

  [A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England.

  [B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have generally been unrecognized by historians.

  [C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.

  [D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England.

  5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyn’s work?

  [A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.

  [B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain.

  [C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.

  [D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.


  [答案与考点解析]

  1. 【答案】D

  【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants”一词暗示本题的答案信息在第一段或第三段,因为这两段的首句都含有“migrants”一词。又根据题干中的“supported”一词,我们可以推断出本题的答案信息来源应该在原文的第三段,因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支持”(supported)自己的观点。通过仔细阅读和理解第三段,尤其是第三段的尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解题时一定要有审题定位的能力,更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。

  2. 【答案】D

  【考点解析】这是一道细节理解题。题干中的“failed”一词暗示本题的答案信息应该在尾段,因为尾段中含有“fails”一词。根据阅读和理解首段尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要善于理解原文中所传达的中心含义。

  3. 【答案】B

  【考点解析】本题是一道归纳推导题。本题题干中的“Bailyn’s fourth proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。通过仔细阅读和理解本段的每一句话,尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内容,更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。

  4. 【答案】A

  【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。题干中的“culture”一词暗示本题的答案信息来源在第四段,因为第四段首句包含“culture”一词。通过仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,尤其是第四句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是A。考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义,以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。#p#分页标题#e#

  5. 【答案】A

  【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨,以及每段的核心句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句,这是一个由转折词“however”引导的句子。通过仔细阅读理解本句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是A。考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语,因为这往往是出题的重点。

  [参考译文]

  Bernard Bailyn最近通过运用关于欧洲移民经历的新的社会研究成果重新解释了美国的早期历史。在他的重新解释中,迁徙成了重写北美前工业化历史的重要依据。其主张可分为四个独立的观点。

  第一点断言,近代早期的英国居民经常在乡下流动,因此后来他们迁移到新大陆仅仅是一种“自然外流”。虽然最初时殖民地对英国人没有多少正面的诱惑力——他们宁愿留在本土。到18世纪时,移往美洲的人数却增加了,因为他们将那儿看作是充满机遇的地方。第二,Bailyn认为,和以往美国历史教材中惯用的观念相反,从来就没有过一个典型的新大陆社会,例如,早期新英格兰城镇中的经济和人口特点就很不相同。

  Bailyn的第三个观点是,成千上万的移民中最常见的是两种普遍类型:一组是签约的仆人,另一组是为土地而来。令人惊异的是:Bailyn认为那些征召签约仆人的人是这种跨越大西洋移民迁徙的推动力。这些殖民地的企业主帮助那些来到前工业化北美社会的人确定其社会属性。起初,成千上万未受过培训的劳动力被征召,然而到了18世纪30年代,美洲雇主开始需求技术熟练的技工。

  第四,Bailyn提出,殖民地是欧洲文化体系的半开化内地。在坚持殖民地是盎格鲁—美利坚帝国的一部分这一点上,他无疑是正确的。但是像Bailyn这样,把帝国划分为英国核心和殖民地外围,就贬低了殖民地文化的成就。确实,如Bailyn所说,殖民地的高雅文化不能和英国本土的相比。但是如何看待17世纪的新英格兰呢?移民者在这儿制定了有效的法律,创建了著名的大学,出版了书籍。Bailyn可能会说,新英格兰是个特例。不过,新英格兰清教徒的思想和组织机构对北美文化有着深远的影响。

  尽管Bailyn不断关注着数万名刚好在革命前夕迁移过来的签约仆人,但他没能把这些人的经历与美国的政治发展结合起来。他的书中有证据表明,我们本来可以建立这样一种联系。在出卖给美洲雇主的时间里,这些签约仆人被看作是奴隶。毫不奇怪,一旦他们服役期满,就会放弃城市里的高薪而走向西部,通过获得土地来保障个人独立。因此,一种特殊的美国政治文化开始于西部,那些怀疑权威和强烈反对贵族统治的移民者之中。

相关推荐:

结束
特别声明:1.凡本网注明稿件来源为“湖北自考网”的,转载必须注明“稿件来源:湖北自考网(www.hbzkw.com)”,违者将依法追究责任;
2.部分稿件来源于网络,如有不实或侵权,请联系我们沟通解决。最新官方信息请以湖北省教育考试院及各教育官网为准!
"2015年湖北考研英语模拟试题:阅读理解(十)" 相关文章推荐
考研备考专家,免费解答疑惑

已有1254人已成功提交信息

微信公众号 微信交流群
考研湖北微信公众号

扫一扫加入微信公众号

随时获取湖北考研政策、通知、公告以及各类学习资料、学习方法、课件。

成考院校 自考院校 专升本院校 资格证 其它热门栏目 最新更新
院校指导 报考条件 特色课程 考研特训营 备考锦囊 课程优惠