国家工信部网站备案实名:湖北自考网 为考生提供湖北自考信息服务,仅供学习交流使用,官方信息以湖北教育考试院为准。

湖北自考网

网站首页 自考专业 自考培训 考场查询 成绩查询 网上报名 考生平台
专题:
自考报名时间 考试时间 自考单科网课 模拟考试 教材大纲 免考办理 转考办理 实践考核 毕业申请 学位英语培训 学位申请 专升本 成人高考 中专
湖北自考在线 湖北学位英语培训班 湖北成人高考报名 湖北自考视频免费领取
当前位置:湖北自考网 > 2018年4月湖北自考英语(二)阅读理解翻译辅导(4)

2018年4月湖北自考英语(二)阅读理解翻译辅导(4)

湖北自考网 来源: 时间:2017-12-23 15:42:17

湖北自考网为自考生整理了自考公共课2018年4月湖北自考英语(二)阅读理解翻译辅导,希望对大家的自考英语学习有帮助。关注湖北自考网微信(hbzkw_com),可以第一时间查成绩,了解自考政策信息。

点击查看>>>湖北自考英语(二)阅读理解翻译辅导汇总

Black Holes

What is a black hole? Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.

Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape - not even light.

So we can't see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space - or so we think. How can this happen?

The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. Supernovae were reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or neutron star - a star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have called the boundary area around the hole the "event horizon." We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole.

For example, if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However an observer at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the center at all. Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer. They are relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of the relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black hole. In august 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes.

The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star.

Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.

The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.

黑洞

什么是黑洞呢?这个问题很难回答,因为我们通常用来描述一种科学现象的术语用在这里来解释是不够的。

天文学家和科学家们认为黑洞是个空间区域,物体会掉进去,而没有物体能从中逃逸出来――即使是光也不能,所以我们看不到黑洞。黑洞产生很强的引力,而它却没有物质。它只是空间――或者我们认为是空间。这是怎样发生的呢?

理论是一些星球的密度增长到特定的时刻就会爆炸。它们崩溃时会产生超新星。在地球上看去,超新星就像天空中非常耀眼的灯,即使在白天也能看到其闪光。在17、18世纪,天文学家就有关于超新星的记录,一些人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。一颗星崩溃可能产生吸引力,你就了解黑洞的力量。黑洞附近任何物质都会被吸进去,根本不可能说出黑洞里面发生了什么。科学家们把这个洞的边缘区域称为"事界"。一旦物体经过这个边界,我们对所发生的事一无所知。

但是在理论上,在黑洞里的物质的运动肯定与洞外有很大区别。例如:如果一个人掉进黑洞,他会认为自己很快就达到了其核心,但在"事界"的观察者则认为这个人根本不会到达黑洞的核心。我们的时空规律看起来不适于黑洞里的物体。爱因斯坦的相对论是唯一可以解释这种现象的理论。爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以互相转化的,因此就没有绝对的时间和空间,根本不存在永恒,时间和空间的衡量取决于观测者所在的位置,它们是相对的。我们还没有完全理解相对论的含义,但有意思的是,在天文学家的着手发现黑洞的存在证据之前,爱因斯坦就提供了黑洞这种想法的基础。只是近来科学家才开始对黑洞的具体研究。1977年8月,发射了一颗卫星去收集关于被认为是在银河系的一千万个黑洞的数据。天文学家正在计划一个新的天文台以研究个别的正在爆炸的被相信要变为黑洞的星球。

黑洞最有说服力的证据来自对双星系的研究。双星,正如它们的名字所表明的,是两颗在空间位置上互相影响的星球。在一些双星系里,天文学家已经表示这里有一颗看不到的伴星,即我们可以在天空中看到的一颗星球的伙伴。来自我们的看到的星球的物质正被吸引到伴星去。这颗产生如此巨大力量的看不见的星球会是黑洞吗?天文学家还有其他一些星球的证据,这些星球可能与黑洞相伴。

对黑洞的研究刚刚开始,各种推测会层出不穷。在我们银河系的中心很可能存在着一个巨大的黑洞正以极快的速度吞食着星球。人类有一天也会面临被吞食的命运。而科学家提出,有一天高科技利用轩洞的能量为人类服务。这些设想听起来像科幻小说,但空间中黑洞的理论被许多严谨的科学家和天文学家接受。他们向我们展示了一个以完全不同于我们理解的方式运行的世界,并对我们最基本的时空经验提出了疑问。

结束
本文标签
特别声明:1.凡本网注明稿件来源为“湖北自考网”的,转载必须注明“稿件来源:湖北自考网(www.hbzkw.com)”,违者将依法追究责任;
2.部分稿件来源于网络,如有不实或侵权,请联系我们沟通解决。最新官方信息请以湖北省教育考试院及各教育官网为准!
限时,免费获取学历提升方案

已帮助10w万+意向学历提升用户成功上岸

  • 毛泽东思想概论

    毛泽东思想概论

    培训优势:课时考点精讲+刷题+冲刺,熟练应对考试题型。全程督促学习,安排好学习计划。 毛泽东思想概论...自考培训
  • 英语二

    英语二

    本课程既是一门语言实践课程,也是拓宽知识、了解世界文化的重要素质课程,它以培养学习者的综合语言应用能力为目标,使他们在学习、工作和社会交往中能够使用英语进行有效的交流。 英语二...自考培训
  • 马克思主义基本原理概论

    马克思主义基本原理概论

    本书包括两个部分:自学考试大纲和基本原理。主要内容有,马克思主义是关于工人阶级和人类解放的科学,物质世界及其发展规律,认识的本质及其规律,人类社会及其发展规律,资本主义的形成及其发展,资本主义发展的历史进程,社会主义社会及其进程,共产主义社会及其进程等。 马克思主义基本原理概论...自考培训
  • 思想道德修养与法律基础

    思想道德修养与法律基础

    《思想道德修养与法律基础》课具有鲜明的政治性、思想性、理论性、针对性、科学性、知识性以及实践性和修养性。它包罗政治、思想、道德、心理本质、学习成才和法律本质等内容,指导和回答大学生在人生、抱负、信念等方面遍及关心和迫切需要解决的问题。 思想道德修养与法律基础...自考培训
  • 中国近代史纲要

    中国近代史纲要

    “中国近现代史纲要”全国高等教育自学考试指定教材,依据中央审定的普通高等学校“中国近现代史纲要”编写大纲以及马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重点教材《中国近现代史纲要》,结合自学考试的特点设计了十章,集中讲述1840年鸦片战争爆发一直到2007年中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会召开的160多年的中国近现代历史。 中国近代史纲要...自考培训
微信公众号 考试交流群
湖北自考网微信公众号

扫一扫关注微信公众号

随时获取湖北省自考政策、通知、公告以及各类学习资料、学习方法、课程。